Eyes in the Sky: How the US and China are Shaping the Future of Drone Warfare

A balanced overview at how the US and China are shaping the future of warfare through competing advances in unmanned systems and counter-drone defences.

Navigating the New Frontier: Modernising Low Earth Orbit Spectrum Policy for Global Capability

Modernising outdated GEO-era spectrum rules is essential to unlock the full potential of low Earth orbit satellites, maintain U.S. space leadership, and counter rising global competition.

Undersea Cable Vulnerabilities and National Security Risks

Undersea cables, carrying most of the world’s data, face shared security concerns as both China and the U.S. are scrutinized for roles in infrastructure access and alleged cable interception, highlighting the need for international cooperation and transparent protection measures.

🇨🇳 DeepSeek’s R1: A Geopolitical and Economic Wake-Up Call in the Global AI Race

DeepSeek’s R1 AI model rivals OpenAI at a fraction of the cost, showcasing China’s rapid innovation gains, raising national security concerns over open-source proliferation, and highlighting how export restrictions can drive efficiency breakthroughs that reshape the global AI race.

India–China Trade Re-Engagement: Strategic Calculus Under Constraint

India and China cautiously resume selective trade after a five-year freeze, reopening border passes, restoring flights, and negotiating key commodity supplies within a “managed rivalry” framework.

🇯🇵 Japan's AI and Cyber Capability

Japan is advancing AI and cyber capabilities through soft-law governance, dual-use innovation, and new active defense measures, positioning them as central pillars of its national strategy.

Bronze Age National Capability Assessments

Bronze Age National Capability Assessments

Sumer (c. 3000–2000 BCE) – National Capability Assessment in its Bronze Age Context

A cradle of urban civilisation, Sumer fused groundbreaking innovations, economic reach, and cultural influence to shape the foundations of statecraft in the ancient Near East.

Old Kingdom Egypt: National Capability Assessment in its Bronze Age Context

Old Kingdom Egypt (c. 2686–2181 BCE) assessment against the Global Institute for National Capability (GINC) National Capability Framework, applying the Emerging National Capability Ratings scale to an ancient context.

40 National AI Strategies

In 2025, most major economies have refreshed or are updating their AI strategies, with global leaders driving investment and governance while others focus on capacity, sovereignty, and trust.

🇺🇸 United States' National AI Strategy

The U.S. national AI strategy seeks to secure global leadership by fostering a decentralized, innovation-driven ecosystem that advances R&D, talent, and infrastructure while promoting ethical, competitive, and safe AI in coordination with industry, allies, and states.

Akkadian Empire: National Capability Assessment in its Bronze Age Context

Akkad forged the world’s first true empire, uniting Mesopotamia under a centralised monarchy that blended military power, administrative sophistication, and expansive trade networks into a model of Bronze Age imperial dominance.