Advanced Persistent Threats
💡Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are updated regularly. Check our APT Guide, Cybersecurity Guide and National Cybersecurity Strategies. Contribute and share feedback with contribute@ginc.org Overview APT35, also known as Charming Kitten, Phosphorus, Newscaster Team, or Ajax Security Team, is a state-sponsored Iranian cyber threat group active since at least
Advanced Persistent Threats
APT41 is a Chinese state-sponsored cyber threat group known for its dual-purpose cyber operations, engaging in both state-backed espionage and financially motivated cybercrime
Advanced Persistent Threats
💡Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are updated regularly. Check our APT Guide, Cybersecurity Guide and National Cybersecurity Strategies. Contribute and share feedback with contribute@ginc.org Overview APT28, also known as Fancy Bear, Sofacy, STRONTIUM, and Sednit, is a Russian state-sponsored cyber espionage group that has been active since at least
National Nuclear Strategies
Iran’s nuclear strategy has evolved over the past five decades in response to regional security challenges, shifts in international relations, and domestic political changes. Originally launched under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi with Western support, the program came under intense scrutiny following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. In the modern era,
National Nuclear Strategies
💡National Nuclear Strategies are updated regularly. Check our Nuclear Guide. Contribute and share feedback with contribute@ginc.org North Korea’s nuclear strategy has developed over the last 50 years under the guiding principles of regime survival, deterrence against external threats, and diplomatic leverage. While Pyongyang originally embarked on nuclear
Intelligence Agencies
The Sluzhba Vneshney Razvedki (SVR)—or the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation—is Russia’s primary civilian agency responsible for gathering foreign intelligence, conducting covert operations abroad, and providing assessments that inform the country’s foreign and security policy. Formally established in 1991 after the breakup of the
Intelligence Agencies
The Ministry of State Security (MSS) of the People’s Republic of China is widely regarded as one of the most influential and secretive intelligence organizations in the world. Officially established in 1983, the MSS combines many of the responsibilities that in other countries would be divided among multiple agencies.
Intelligence Agencies
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is the principal civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States, operating under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). Established in 1947, its main purpose is to collect, analyze, and disseminate foreign intelligence to support national security decision-making at the highest levels
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National Capability Framework
The National Capability Framework is an open-source model for measuring and benchmarking national strategy and capability.